NASA : Advances in Technology

Context : MCA Seminar, Summary of 4 minute talks.
Date: 14 - June 2011
Speaker: Makrand Ballal

Hello friends,
i'l be dealing with the topic nasa and its technology used in space mission. It was all started on day october 4 1957 when USSR launched d worlds first artificial satellite (sputnik 1). And according to US Government it was threat for them and their country and also threat to technological leadership. After several month of discussion and debate they produce an agreement that a new fedral agency was neeeded to condut all non-military activity on space. The Advance research Project Agency(ARPA) was also created at this time to develop sapce technology. On december 1958 They Created on independent body called NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Act).

The Apollo program landed the first humans on Earth's Moon. Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 20, 1969 with astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, while Michael Collins orbited above. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. In these six Apollo spaceflights twelve men walked on the Moon. These missions returned a wealth of scientific data and 381.7 kilograms (842 lb) of lunar samples. Experiments included soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismic, heat flow, lunar ranging, magneticmy self fields, and solar wind experiments.

From its founding in 1958 , NAsa has launched more than 2000 satellites into earths orbit or beyond. Nasa has also lauched 109 manned missions.

Space technologies are the key to the modern information and industrial society."Every day" technologies such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, GPS systems, satellite television, and some long distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of sciences astronomy and Earth sciences (via remote sensing) most notably benefit from space technology.

A NASA spin-off is a spin-off of technology that has been commercialized through NASA funding, research, licensing, facilities, or assistance. NASA also publishes an annual journal titled Spinoff which features products whose development can be linked to NASA. Spinoff is a NASA publication featuring technology made available to the public. Since 1976, NASA has featured an average of 50 technologies each year in the annual publication.When products first spun off from space research, NASA presented a black and white report in 1973. Because of interest in the reports, NASA decided to create the annual publications in color. Spinoff was first published in 1976,[9] and since then, NASA has distributed free copies to universities, the media, inventors, and the general public. Spinoff describes how NASA works with various industries and small businesses to bring new technology to the public.

• Spin-off Technologies
• Water purification
• Freeze drying
• Firefighting equipment
• Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
• Artificial limbs
• Improved radial tires
• Pollution remediation

How Does Computer makes people smart

Context : MCA Seminar, Summary of 4 minute talks.
Date: 10 - June 2011
Speaker: Abdul Kareem

Hi Guys.!!

Let me start with a question, Are you smart? If yes, then that is a good answer for my question. Because we use computer to explore our knowledge, knowledge makes to think in a smart way. Let me begin.

A computer is basically an electronic machine that can perform operation based on the smart logic given by the smart people. The Application of computer made work easier and better. People always want to reduce the workload, we want relax, not ready to spend more time on doing something. The computer helps us to do the work in a simpler and smarter way. The way in which computer are used help us to grow and think smarter. I would like to give few examples…

Now days, presentation (PPT) is the common tool used in school or colleges for teaching, seminar etc., because it helps the people convey the message in smart way using images, text, videos, animation etc. It helps us to understand better. But in traditional days, only blackboard or notes were used. Computer based learning programs is a new era of application of computers in schools or colleges (AKA:SmartEdu, SmartCampus).

The computer has become an integrated part of life. We want to store,process our data in a system and access it whenever required. We use internet for everything. We glad to know that what happened. Why? When? How it happened? The habbitgoogling is becoming more common in everyone. This is because we want to know the unknown things through computer which is ultimately leads tobecome smart. Video conferencing, email system, online shopping, SNS, intelligence system, computer games are some of the examples which helps people to learn, explore knowledge.

One more example I would like mention here about Air Space communication. We know that communication in an aeroplane, satellite is critical task. But computer act as intermediary between us and machines. So we can send or receive information based on the signal generated by the computers. It helps the controller to know the exact position, temperature etc, etc.

We want get familiarized with the unknown think! The most searched keywords of Google in 2010 are How to get pregnant? How to impress a girl? How to tie a tie? So everyone wants to become smart through the usage of computers.

So as a conclusion i wish to say:

USE COMPUTER: EXPLORE THE KNOWLEDGE: BECOME SMART

DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR FRAUD DETECTION

Context : MCA students have two hours a week dedicated for seminar. There are 30 minute talks and 4 minute talks. Following is a summary of a 4 minute talk
Date: 12 - June 2011
Speaker: Abhishek Ramachandran

See Fraud is basically to deprive someone of something, of value for their own benefit. Even fraud is a million dollar business and is increasing every year. A global survey conducted in 2007 stated that almost 50% companies all over world has been victim of fraud. So even though the technologies are increasing every year in the same way the criminals are finding new way to commit fraud. In addition to that business re engineering and downsizing may help in reducing fraud to some extent but new Information Systems may present new opportunities to commit fraud. There has been traditional ways of data analysis to prevent fraud but its very complex & time consuming and one should have knowledge of financial , business practices & law.

Fraud often consists if same instances or incidents like Palshikar said fraud may be of same content and appearance but usually are not identical. The first industries to use the Data analysis techniques are the telecom , insurances and the banking sector. Even retail industries suffer from fraud at POS. So retail industries have started using CCTV cameras in shops. Basically DA techniques are divided into 2 classes i.e Statistical and AI Techniques(artificial intelligence).

Statistical comprise of knowledge Discovery in database and Statistics. Whereas in AI techniques comprise of Data mining and Machine Learning. Statistical Techniques we use are Probability Distribution, averages, quartiles& performance metrics to detect fraud. Even computing the user profiles too.

And in the AI techniques there is Data mining and Machine Learning. Here data mining is used to classify, cluster and segment data to find associated rules and patterns in the data. Machine Learning techniques to automatically identify characteristics of fraud. In the earlier days, data analysis techniques were oriented towards extracting quantitative and statistical data characteristics. They used various data interpretations to get better insights of process behind the data. So to go beyond, the data analysis system has to be equipped with substantial amount if background knowledge and to perform tasks based on that knowledge. So I would like to conclude by saying that reducing fraud is a big ask but not a big task .

Donald Ervin Knuth

Context : MCA students have two hours a week dedicated for seminar. There are 30 minute talks and 4 minute talks. Following is a summary of a 4 minute talk
Date: 12 - June 2011
Speaker: Divya Monisha D P

9999999967 is this my phone number? We will come to that later.

“God is a challenge because there is no proof of his existence and therefore the search must continue.”.

Algorithm must be seen to be believed”.

Now algorithm, searching does it seem familiar, and yes it must be.

Donald E Knuth is called as ‘father of algorithms’. He was born on January 10 1938. At eighth grade he won a competition by writing 4,500 words from a short sentence that began with ‘z’. Whereas the judge just had 2,500 words. At age 20 he started working as an assistant in Case institute of Technology. At Age 30 he completed his Ph.D. in mathematics. So Don Knuth is renowned computer scientist and a mathematician.

While working in case institute the first computer he got to use was ‘Giant Brain’. That’s nothing but IBM 650. The first program that he wrote was a program to find five roots of fifth degree equation. God alone knows what the program meant.

Since he had achieved something in writing programs he started to write many programs and algorithms. The other program that he wrote was to find the largest prime factor. So the number mentioned above is not my mobile number but the largest prime factor that Knuth found through is program. The machine took about 11 minutes to run and give an answer.

Knuth is known for his professional humor. He played tricks in writing and executing programs. One of them is that of reversing a 10 digit number. 10 digit numbers was supposed to be entered on a console and answer must be exact reverse. Many of Knuth’s colleague tried but didn’t succeed so Knuth marched to the machine and started to enter 10 numbers that’s 0123456789and started to run the machine, the machine ran and stopped at one point when they looked to answer it was exact reverse that’s 9876543210. So the colleagues stood up gave Knuth a loud applause and said that he done it. But later they found that no matter what the number they entered the answer would always be 9876543210, now that’s because Knuth had played cheat he coded the answer onto the machine.

Since he had many pleasant moments in using IBM 650 he dedicated a series of book called “Art of computer programing”. To name a few of his books like, ‘searching and sorting’ ’tex’,’metafont’. He got about 9 awards like ‘franklin medal’ member of British ‘royalty’ and so on.

Coming to his personal life I actually wanted to correlate to what pooja said on founder of oracle that he was married and divorced four times, but Knuth seems to be man of one woman. He married Jill Knuth she is also a writer who wrote a book on liturgy. They have two children. Knuth hobby is to play pipe organ. He has got a two storey high pipe organ installed in his house. In one of his book he referred to page 405 has page of royalty and when people opened to that page they found only a picture of a pipe organ. When asked why Knuth said the pipe organ installed in his home was actually financed by a royal person.

So let me conclude with the words of Knuth that relates to us as MCA students. He said “if u spend more time on theory, is time for you to pay attention to practical things because practice improve your theory. He also said if you spend more time on practice it’s time for you to pay attention to theory because theory makes you practical.”

Debian Linux

Context : MCA students have two hours a week dedicated for seminar. There are 30 minute talks and 4 minute talks. Following is a summary of a 4 minute talk
Date: 11 - June 2011
Speaker: Jwalitha N J

Ubuntu , fedora, Open Suse are few of the commercial Linux distribution where as debian is a noncommercial community based Linux distribution .Linux distribution is a member of the family of Unix like operating system built on top of Linux kernel.

Lan Murdock released debian in the year 1993 on 16^th August. The name debian was a combination of his own name and the name of his girlfriend at the time, Debry Lynn(deb + an).

Debian is a open source free software where users has granted rights of user to use study,change and improve its design through availability of source code.

It has some of the GNU OS tools. The GNU General Public License (GNU or GPL) is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project.

Hardware requirements for a desktop is minimal RAM is 128 MB and hard disk space is 5 GB.The recommended RAM is 128 MB.

Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian Linux. Debian Linux OS is being used by the world’s largest online shopping system Ebay.

There were many versions released of Debian. Few of them along with its code names are given:

• 1.1 - BUZZ
• 1.2 - REX
• 1.3 - BO
• 2.2 - POTATO
• 3.0 - WODDY
• 6.0 - SQUEEZE
• 7.0 – WHEEZY

These code names are based on toy story characters.

Debion stands fifth in the world and ubuntu stands first in the world. Both of them cannot be compared since ubuntu is the derivative of Debian Linux.

Computer Does Not Make as more social

Context : MCA students have two hours a week dedicated for seminar. There are 30 minute talks and 4 minute talks. Following is a summary of a 4 minute talk
Date: 10 - June 2011
Speaker: Dannie Simon

The word social according to oxford dictionary means “relating to or activities
carried out between people in person for a better growth”

The computer cant provide the sense of happiness which we get while meeting friends in
person(face to-face).

The archbishop Vincent Nicolas stated that “Networking has let teenagers to build "transient
relationships" which leave them unable to cope when their social networks collapse. He said the
internet and mobile phones were "dehumanising" community life.

Which is very true.
We find being social on networking as something which is great and get addicted to it.

Networking in social has 3 main disadvantages.

1 . They make us loose the ability to talk.(not being who we truly are).
2 . They encourage to emote(emotions in a dramatical manner).
3 . “My life is online! So why should i go outside my house”?!

So i feel being in person is the best way to get social and the proper way to.
The feel of touch anyday makes a big change.
So Computers should never be trusted.Its just virtual trying to become a reality.
So no..!!

Final words..hope you can relate to being social.

“Guns dont kill people..people do..Guns just make it easier...!!

Computer Makes Us More Social : For the Topic

Context : MCA students have two hours a week dedicated for seminar. There are 30 minute talks and 4 minute talks. Following is a summary of a 4 minute talk
Date: 10 - June 2011
Speaker: Priyanka L K

Man is said to be a social being. Social basically refers to ‘being in person’. During ancient times the agents of socialisation were friends, family, peers and other mass media which included postal and telephone services. But in today’s scenario all of us would agree that the interconnection of global computer network allows individuals on the internet to interact with multitudes of people.

I would strong say that computers make us social. Let me brief you on it. In the yesteryears when the computer were not known to the world ,friendship was confined to a small circle, but now we can comprehend the unique feature of internet distinct from that of the traditional socialization tools which paved the way for worldwide friendship.

Even in today’s time constrained world we are able to socialize and still stay in touch with our pals only because of social networking sites.

In the absence of social networking sites be it facebook, orkut, twitter or any other social networking site I am sure most of us wouldn’t have stayed in touch with our friends be it school or pre-university or even degree mates. But today we are in touch only because of the social networking sites.

I personally feel computers transform virtual world into reality. For instance consider video chatting, we can communicate with anyone around the globe virtually and still feel real. We are able to visualize the expressions and thus convey our thoughts better.

From the business perspective, there a number of sites for online business transactions. One such site is the “Linkedin’ which is a corporate networking site comprising of more than 8.5 million people over 130 countries. Here individuals can form partnerships, seek new jobs or venture into new businesses. These sites help us improve our connectivity worldwide.

From the economical point of view even common man can actually use the internet to connect globally.

Thus we can conclude that the increasing use of the internet as a communication tool makes this a potentially strong agent of socialization.